Natural Deduction: Implication
Video
Exercises
Proof Commands...
The blue boxes represent parts of the proof that are unfinished. The comments (in green) tells you what the current goal is. Either the goal is unfocused:
{ goal: <some formula> }
or there is a formula is focus:
{ focus: <formula1>; goal: <formula2> }
The commands that you can use differ according to which mode youare in. The commands correspond directly to the proof rules given in the videos.
Unfocused mode
These rules can be used when there is no formula in the focus. These rules either act on the conclusion directly to break it down into simpler sub-goals, or switch to focused mode (the use
command).
introduce H
can be used when the goal is an implication ‘P → Q’. The nameH
is used to give a name to the new assumption P. The proof then continues proving Q with this new assumption. A green comment is inserted to say what the new named assumption is.split
can be used when the goal is a conjunction “P ∧ Q”. The proof will split into two sub-proofs, one to prove the first half of the conjunction “P”, and one to prove the other half “Q”.true
can be used when the goal to prove is ‘T’ (true). This will finish this branch of the proof.use H
can be used whenever there is no current focus.H
is the name of some assumption that is available on this branch of the proof. Named assumptions come from the original statement to be proved, and uses ofintroduce H
.
Focused mode
These rules apply when there is a formula in focus. These rules either act upon the formula in focus, or finish the proof when the focused formula is the same as the goal.
done
can be used when the formula in focus is exactly the same as the goal formula. This will finish this branch of the proof.apply
can be used when the formula in focus is an implication ‘P → Q’. A new subgoal to prove ‘P’ is generated, and the focus becomes ‘Q’ to continue the proof.first
can be used when the formula in focus is a conjunctionP ∧ Q
. The focus then becomes ‘P’, the first part of the conjunction, and the proof continues.second
can be used when the formula in focus is a conjunctionP ∧ Q
. The focus then becomes ‘Q’, the second part of the conjunction, and the proof continues.